Rapor Tarihi: 27.03.2026 01:41
| Course Title | Code | Language | Type | Semester | L+U Hour | Credits | ECTS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecular Biology | ECZ102 | Turkish | Compulsory | 2. Semester | 2 + 0 | 2.0 | 3.0 |
| Prerequisite Courses | |
| Course Level | Undergraduate |
| Mode of delivery | Face to Face Education |
| Course Coordinator | Doç. Dr. Demet ERDÖNMEZ |
| Instructor(s) | Doç. Dr. Demet ERDÖNMEZ (Bahar) |
| Goals | The Molecular Biology course aims to provide pharmacy students with an understanding of how living systems function at the molecular level and to equip them with the ability to relate this knowledge to drug mechanisms of action, disease pathogenesis, and modern treatment approaches. |
| Course Content | 1 Introduction to Molecular Biology and Its Role in Pharmacy: Molecular biology is the scientific discipline that studies the fundamental molecular mechanisms of life. The discovery of the double helix structure of DNA (Watson and Crick, 1953) and the concept of the “central dogma” (DNA → RNA → Protein) are the cornerstones of this discipline. From a pharmaceutical perspective, molecular biology is indispensable for understanding the mechanisms of drug action: Most drugs target proteins such as receptors, enzymes, or ion channels. For example, beta-blockers bind to adrenergic receptors to treat hypertension. Furthermore, the molecular basis of diseases (e.g., activation of oncogenes in cancer, amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's) guides drug development processes. This course will also cover current topics such as artificial intelligence applications (e.g., AlphaFold) and biotechnological drugs (monoclonal antibodies, mRNA vaccines). 2 Building Blocks of the Cell: Proteins and Nucleic Acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) stores genetic information, while RNA (ribonucleic acid) mediates the conversion of this information into proteins. Proteins, on the other hand, play structural (collagen), catalytic (enzymes), and regulatory (hormones, receptors) roles in the cell. Nucleic acid sequences (A, T, G, C / A, U, G, C) form the genetic code; triplet codons determine amino acids. Proteins formed by the bonding of amino acids with peptide bonds must fold into the correct three-dimensional structure. Errors in protein folding (e.g., prion diseases, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's). 3 Copying Information: DNA Replication and Repair: DNA replication ensures that genetic information is copied during cell division. Enzymes such as DNA polymerase, helicase, and ligase are involved in this process. The starting points of replication differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. DNA is constantly damaged by radiation, chemicals, or replication errors; the cell repairs this damage through mechanisms such as base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER), and mismatch repair (MMR). Defects in repair systems (e.g., BRCA1/2 mutations) increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Some drugs used in cancer chemotherapy (cisplatin, doxorubicin) kill rapidly dividing tumor cells by damaging DNA, while PARP inhibitors (olaparib) target cancer cells with repair defects.4 Flow of Genetic Information I: Transcription Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template. The RNA polymerase enzyme binds to promoter regions to initiate gene copying. In eukaryotes, the pre-mRNA synthesized as a result of transcription is converted into mature mRNA through 5' cap addition, 3' polyadenylation, and intron removal (splicing). Splicing can occur alternatively, allowing different protein isoforms to be produced from a single gene. RNA metabolism is currently an important drug target: mRNA vaccines (such as the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines used for COVID-19) deliver synthetic mRNA into cells to induce antigen production. Antisense oligonucleotides (e.g., nusinersen, used in the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy) and siRNA therapies (e.g., patisiran, used in the treatment of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis) exert their effects by suppressing gene expression. Transcription factors are also being investigated as drug targets. 5 Flow of Genetic Information II: Translation and Protein Synthesis Translation is the conversion of the genetic code in mRNA into protein at the ribosomes. tRNAs carry the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome and pair with the codons in mRNA. This process, consisting of initiation, elongation, and termination phases, involves the ribosome subunits (30S and 50S in prokaryotes; 40S and 60S in eukaryotes). Protein synthesis is the target of many antibiotics: tetracyclines (bind to 30S), macrolides (bind to 50S), and aminoglycosides (bind to 30S, causing reading errors) inhibit bacterial translation. Protein folding occurs with the help of chaperones; aggregates formed as a result of misfolding play a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's (amyloid beta) and Parkinson's (alpha-synuclein). 6 Regulation of Gene Expression and Epigenetics Gene expression is the process by which a cell determines which genes will be active and at what level in response to environmental signals. In prokaryotes, the lac operon (activation of genes in the presence of lactose) is a classic example. In eukaryotes, regulation is more complex: transcription factors, enhancers, silencers, and chromatin structure control gene expression. Epigenetics studies heritable changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. DNA methylation (usually repressive) and histone modifications (acetylation activates, methylation varies depending on binding) are key mechanisms. Epigenetic changes are associated with cancer, diabetes, and neurological diseases. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (azasididine, decitabine) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (vorinostat) used in cancer treatment are examples of epigenetic drugs. It has also been shown that environmental factors (nutrition, stress, toxins) can leave an epigenetic legacy. 7 Recombinant DNA Technology and Drug Production: Recombinant DNA technology enables the replication of DNA fragments from different sources in a host organism (bacteria, yeast, mammalian cells). Restriction enzymes (which cut DNA at specific sites) and vectors (plasmids, viruses) are used for this purpose. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used to amplify specific DNA regions, while DNA sequence analysis (Sanger method) determines the nucleotide sequence. Thanks to these techniques, biotechnological drugs such as insulin (the first recombinant drug produced in E. coli), growth hormone, erythropoietin (EPO), and monoclonal antibodies (rituximab, trastuzumab) have been developed. Today, biosimilar drugs (similar to the original biological drugs) are also becoming widespread. 8 Artificial Intelligence and the Molecular Biology Revolution - 1 (AlphaFold) : Determining the three-dimensional structures of proteins is critical for understanding their functions and designing drugs. Experimental methods (X-ray crystallography, cryo-EM) are laborious and expensive. AlphaFold, developed by DeepMind, can predict the 3D structure of a protein from its amino acid sequence with high accuracy using deep learning. The 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to the creators of AlphaFold, Demis Hassabis and John Jumper. This artificial intelligence model learns evolutionary relationships and physical rules in protein databases, similar to large language models. Thanks to AlphaFold, the structures of millions of proteins have been predicted, revolutionizing biology and drug development. 9 Artificial Intelligence and the Molecular Biology Revolution - 2 (The Limits of AI and Drug Development): While models such as AlphaFold are successful in predicting the static structures of proteins, new approaches are being developed for complex problems such as the dynamic structures of proteins (molecular springs, conformational changes) and protein-protein interactions. AI models such as PIONEER can predict the effects of mutations on protein function and help elucidate drug resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, more realistic predictions are being made by combining physics-based simulations (molecular dynamics) with artificial intelligence models. AI provides speed and cost advantages in stages of the drug development process such as target validation, virtual screening (scanning large molecule libraries), and drug repurposing (the use of existing drugs for new diseases). 10 Artificial Intelligence in Drug Development and Future Perspectives: Artificial intelligence is fundamentally changing the drug discovery process. Drug development, which takes 10-15 years and costs billions of dollars using traditional methods, can be achieved in a shorter time and at a lower cost thanks to AI. Drug candidates developed by AI-supported companies (e.g., Insilico Medicine) are entering clinical trials. Incorporating artificial intelligence applications into pharmacy education is important for students to keep up with developments in this field. Recommended resources: AlphaFold database, PubMed searches for “artificial intelligence drug discovery,” AI courses on Coursera/edX. In the future, drugs designed and produced entirely by AI are expected to be used in clinical settings.11 Advanced Molecular Biology Techniques and Genomics: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies enable the rapid and inexpensive sequencing of the entire genome or transcriptome. Microarrays allow the simultaneous measurement of the expression levels of thousands of genes. CRISPR-Cas9 (adapted from the bacterial immune system) enables gene editing by cutting a specific DNA region; clinical trials are underway to correct genetic diseases (e.g., sickle cell anemia) using this technology. Pharmacogenomics studies how individuals' genetic differences affect drug response. For example, warfarin dosage is adjusted according to VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genotypes; clopidogrel, on the other hand, exhibits efficacy based on CYP2C19 enzyme activity. This information forms the basis of the personalized medicine (precision medicine) approach. Gene therapy aims to treat diseases by replacing a dysfunctional gene with a healthy copy or regulatory elements (e.g., Luxturna - treatment for blindness caused by RPE65 mutation).12 Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine: Stem cells are cells with the ability to self-renew and differentiate into various cell types (plasticity). They are classified as embryonic stem cells (pluripotent, capable of differentiating into all tissues), adult stem cells (multipotent, limited to specific tissues; e.g., hematopoietic stem cells), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs; obtained by reprogramming adult cells). Stem cells are directed to differentiate by signals within their specific microenvironment, called the “niche.” Regenerative medicine uses stem cells to repair damaged tissues and organs. Mesenchymal stem cell therapies (e.g., graft-versus-host disease, osteoarthritis) are being used in clinical settings. iPSC technology is used in drug testing (e.g., cardiotoxicity screening) by creating patient-specific cell models. Artificial intelligence can accelerate regenerative medicine applications by predicting the factors that guide stem cell differentiation.13 Synthetic Biology and Next-Generation Biotherapeutics: Synthetic biology involves designing and constructing biological systems using engineering principles. New functions are added to microorganisms using “biological circuits” and “standard biological parts” (biobricks). For example, bacteria can be converted into drug-producing factories (artemisinin, opioids). Advanced gene editing techniques such as base editing (single-letter changes in DNA) and prime editing (find-and-replace) are more precise versions of CRISPR. Targeted protein degradation (TPD) and molecular glues aim to eliminate proteins that cannot be targeted by traditional inhibition (“undruggable” proteins), such as transcription factors; drugs developed in this field (e.g., lenalidomide) are used in clinical settings. CAR-T cell therapy enables the patient's T cells to recognize cancer cells through genetic modification; new-generation CAR-T applications show promise in clinical trials for autoimmune diseases (lupus, multiple sclerosis).14 General Review and Term Assessment: This week, all topics covered during the term (cell biology, biomolecules, replication, transcription, translation, gene regulation, epigenetics, recombinant DNA, artificial intelligence applications, genomics, stem cells, and synthetic biology) will be comprehensively reviewed. The aim is for students to establish connections between topics and understand the importance of molecular biology in pharmaceutical practice. A general assessment of the course will be conducted, and student questions will be answered. Additionally, a discussion forum will be created on current molecular biology news and potential future developments (artificial intelligence, personalized medicine, synthetic biology). |
| # | Öğrenme Kazanımı |
| 1 | Explains the steps and regulatory mechanisms of genetic information flow within the cell (central dogma). |
| 2 | Interprets DNA damage, repair mechanisms, and the relationship between mutations and diseases. |
| 3 | Understands the importance of protein synthesis, folding, and modifications as drug targets. |
| 4 | Explains the principles of production of recombinant protein drugs (insulin, growth hormone, monoclonal antibodies). |
| 5 | Defines epigenetic mechanisms and the principles of action of epigenetic drugs. |
| 6 | CRISPR-Cas9 outlines the fundamental principles of stem cell therapies and gene therapies, as well as their potential applications in pharmacy. |
| 7 | Explains the role of artificial intelligence (AlphaFold, etc.) in protein structure prediction and drug development processes. |
| 8 | Interprets personalized medicine approaches within the framework of pharmacogenomic principles. |
| 9 | Gain a basic understanding of synthetic biology and next-generation biotherapeutics. |
| Week | Topics/Applications | Method |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Week | Introduction to Molecular Biology and Its Role in Pharmacy (Basic Concepts: Definition of molecular biology, history (discovery of DNA, central dogma). Pharmacy Context: Molecular basis of drug targets (receptors, enzymes). Explaining diseases through molecular mechanisms. A brief introduction to current topics to be covered in later weeks of the course (artificial intelligence, biotechnological drugs). Translated with DeepL.com (free version) | Lecture, Question and Answer, Discussion |
| 2. Week | The Building Blocks of the Cell: Proteins and Nucleic Acids (Basic Concepts: The chemical structures of DNA, RNA, and proteins and their functions in the cell. The relationship between nucleic acid sequences and protein synthesis. The importance of amino acids and protein folding. The importance of protein structure as a drug target.) | Lecture, Question and Answer, Discussion, Case Study |
| 3. Week | Replication of Information: DNA Replication and Repair (Basic Concepts: DNA's self-replication mechanism (replication). DNA damage and repair mechanisms. Pharmaceutical Connection: Some drugs used in cancer treatment (chemotherapeutics) target DNA synthesis or repair. The relationship between defects in DNA repair and diseases (e.g., cancer). | Lecture, Question and Answer, Discussion |
| 4. Week | The Flow of Genetic Information I: Transcription (Basic Concepts: Synthesis of RNA from DNA (transcription). Processing of mRNA (splicing). RNA-based drugs (mRNA vaccines, antisense oligonucleotides). Potential of transcription factors as drug targets.) | Presentation (Preparation), Lecture, Question and Answer, Discussion |
| 5. Week | The Flow of Genetic Information II: Translation and Protein Synthesis (Basic Concepts: Protein synthesis from mRNA (translation). The role of ribosomes and tRNA. Pharmaceutical Connection: Most antibiotics (tetracyclines, macrolides) target protein synthesis in bacteria. Protein folding and diseases caused by misfolding (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's)) | Other Activities, Presentation (Preparation), Lecture, Question and Answer, Discussion |
| 6. Week | Regulation of Gene Expression and Epigenetics (Basic Concepts: How genes are turned on and off (lac operon, promoter regions). Epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modifications). Epigenetic drugs (DNA methyltransferase inhibitors used in cancer treatment). The effect of the environment on gene expression.) | Presentation (Preparation), Lecture, Case Study |
| 7. Week | Recombinant DNA Technology and Drug Production (Fundamental and Applied Topics: Recombinant DNA technology, cloning, PCR, DNA sequence analysis. Pharmaceutical Connection: Production principles of biotechnological drugs (insulin, growth hormone, monoclonal antibodies)) | Presentation (Preparation), Question and Answer, Discussion |
| 8. Week | Artificial Intelligence and the Molecular Biology Revolution - 1 (AlphaFold and the Protein Folding Problem. The 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry awarded to AlphaFold. The success of artificial intelligence (deep learning) in predicting the 3D structures of proteins. The principles underlying this success (large language models and biology)) | Lecture, Question and Answer, Discussion |
| 9. Week | Artificial Intelligence and the Molecular Biology Revolution - 2 (The Limits of AI and Its Impact on Drug Development. The dynamic structures of proteins (molecular springs) and drug resistance. The new roles of artificial intelligence models (such as PIONEER) in predicting protein-protein interactions and the effects of mutations. The combined use of physics-based simulations and artificial intelligence) | Lecture, Question and Answer, Discussion, Demonstration |
| 10. Week | Artificial Intelligence in Drug Development and Future Perspectives (How artificial intelligence accelerates the drug discovery process (target identification, virtual screening, drug repositioning). Introduction to artificial intelligence applications in pharmacy education. Resource recommendations for students to keep up with developments in this field.) | Presentation (Preparation), Lecture, Question and Answer, Discussion, Observation, Demonstration |
| 11. Week | Advanced Molecular Biology Techniques and Genomics (Next-Generation Techniques: Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), Microarray, CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. Pharmacogenomics / Pharmacogenetics. Precision Medicine (Personalized Medicine): Drug selection based on an individual's genetic makeup (examples: Warfarin, Clopidogrel). Gene therapy approaches) | Presentation (Preparation), Lecture, Question and Answer, Discussion |
| 12. Week | Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (Types of stem cells (embryonic, adult, induced pluripotent stem cells - iPSC). Differentiation and niche of stem cells. Regenerative medicine applications (tissue engineering, cellular therapies). Clinical Applications: Mesenchymal stem cell therapies, iPSC-based disease models and drug testing. Predicting stem cell differentiation using artificial intelligence.) | Presentation (Preparation), Lecture, Question and Answer, Discussion |
| 13. Week | Synthetic Biology and Next-Generation Biotherapeutics (Fundamentals of synthetic biology (biological circuits, standard parts). Advanced gene editing: Prime editing, base editing. Revolution in Drug Design: Living drug factories (drug production using microorganisms). Targeted protein degradation (TPD) and “undruggable” targets. New generation CAR-T applications in autoimmune diseases.) | Lecture, Question and Answer, Demonstration |
| 14. Week | General Expression And Assessment | Preparation, After Class Study, Lecture, Question and Answer, Discussion |
| No | Program Requirements | Level of Contribution | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||
| 1 | Uses the knowledge and skills acquired by completing the pharmacy undergraduate programme in the application areas of the profession by taking initiative when necessary within the framework of ethical and deontological rules in line with the current laws, regulations and legislation. | ✔ | |||||
| 2 | Has sufficient knowledge and application skills about the physical and chemical structure, synthesis, microbiological and toxicological analysis, effects, structure-effect relationships, design and development, therapeutic dose determination, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of active and excipients, pharmaceutical preparations and medicinal products. | ✔ | |||||
| 3 | By adopting lifelong learning, pharmacy professional practices, science, technology, contemporary thinking and behaviour in the dimension of current information in the dimension of technological tools, databases and information resources. Develops, deepens, evaluates and uses this information for the benefit of society. | ✔ | |||||
| 4 | Takes an active role in the preparation, production, quality assurance and control, bioavailability and bioequivalence, licensing and patent studies, supply chain management and presentation of pharmaceutical, radiopharmaceutical, biotechnological, nanotechnological and cosmetic/cosmeceutical products containing natural or synthetic active ingredients. | ||||||
| 5 | Takes an active role in pharmacovigilance practices; uses the adverse effect reporting system; contributes to risk management and audit to ensure safe drug use. | ✔ | |||||
| 6 | Informs the patient, patient relatives and other health professionals to increase awareness of drug safety. | ✔ | |||||
| 7 | He/she has sufficient knowledge about the preparation of major medicines, the use and legislation of all original or generic preparations and medicinal products. | ✔ | |||||
| 8 | Has knowledge about the indications, route of administration and incompatibilities of the drugs prescribed to the patient, evaluation of clinical laboratory results in order to ensure and promote the most appropriate use of drugs within the framework of rational drug use. | ✔ | |||||
| 9 | Food supplements, nutraceuticals, cosmetics / cosmeceuticals, OTC, etc. has the competence to provide practical and useful information to the public about products. | ✔ | |||||
| 10 | Integrates and develops pharmacy professional knowledge with knowledge from different disciplines within the framework of pharmaceutical care and clinical pharmacy practice. | ✔ | |||||
| 11 | To be able to communicate effectively with the relevant legal authorities, physicians and health personnel, pharmaceutical industry and other stakeholders in order to improve the health level and quality of life of the society, and to be able to bring suggestions and solutions to the problems related to the field. | ✔ | |||||
| 12 | Has knowledge about the properties, usage areas, production, quality assurance, legislation and legal regulations of medical devices used for chronic diseases and other purposes. | ✔ | |||||
| 13 | They take part in the supply and presentation of pharmaceuticals and medical products and provide counselling services to patients on rational and safe use. | ✔ | |||||
| 14 | To be able to follow the information and developments in pharmacy practice areas by using at least one foreign language, to communicate with patients and colleagues, to express himself/herself verbally and in writing by participating in national and / or international activities and projects. | ✔ | |||||
| 15 | Has sufficient knowledge and application skills about various technological tools, information resources, software and artificial intelligence supported technologies required by pharmacy professional practice areas. | ✔ | |||||
| 16 | As a health professional providing primary health care services, provides healthy living counselling by managing patient records; promotes healthy living and fulfils professional responsibilities to protect public health. | ✔ | |||||
| 17 | He/she pays attention to the occupational safety of the employees under his/her responsibility and plans and manages their vocational training for their development within the framework of a project and monitors and evaluates the process. | ✔ | |||||
| 18 | Takes part in the development processes of the pharmacy profession and application areas related to pharmaceutical and health management; conducts research and development activities in accordance with scientific and ethical principles; analyses, evaluates, interprets and applies data. | ✔ | |||||
| 19 | Participates in quality management processes by documenting professional activities and practices effectively and safely in accordance with quality management and processes. | ✔ | |||||
| 20 | Be a role model for his/her colleagues and an example to the society with his/her attitude, behaviour and professional identity. | ✔ | |||||
| 21 | Has knowledge about anatomy, immunology, physiology, physiopathology and biochemistry of biological systems. Knows and relates the basic concepts of cognitive states and behaviours, mental and physical diseases, symptoms and treatments that affect human health. | ✔ | |||||
| Program Requirements | DK1 | DK2 | DK3 | DK4 | DK5 | DK6 | DK7 | DK8 | DK9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PY1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| PY2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| PY3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| PY4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| PY5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| PY6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| PY7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| PY8 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| PY9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| PY10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| PY11 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| PY12 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| PY13 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| PY14 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| PY15 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| PY16 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| PY17 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| PY18 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| PY19 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| PY20 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| PY21 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Ders Kitabı veya Notu | Ders Kitabı veya Ders Notu bulunmamaktadır. |
|---|---|
| Diğer Kaynaklar |
|
| Bahar Dönemi | |||
| Responsible Personnel | Grup | Evaluation Method | Percentage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Doç. Dr. Demet ERDÖNMEZ | Vize | 40.00 | |
| Doç. Dr. Demet ERDÖNMEZ | Final | 60.00 | |
| Toplam | 100.00 | ||
| ECTS credits and course workload | Quantity | Duration (Hour) | Total Workload (Hour) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sınavlar |
Midterm | 1 | 11.5 | 11.5 |
| Homework | 1 | 8 | 8 | |
| Homework Preparation | 1 | 10 | 10 | |
| Final | 1 | 19 | 19 | |
| Classroom Activities | 14 | 2 | 28 | |
| Total Workload | 76.5 | |||
| *AKTS = (Total Workload) / 25,5 | ECTS Credit of the Course | 3.0 | ||
